EVOLUTION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNANCE MODELS: FROM CENTRALISM TO DECENTRALIZATION (SELECTED ASPECTS)

Abstract

The article explores the historical and political evolution of local self-government models, focusing on the gradual transition from centralized forms of state administration to decentralized models of public governance. The authors examine the major stages in the development of local self-government across different political systems, emphasizing how perceptions of the role and functions of local communities within state structures have changed in response to shifting historical contexts, ideological frameworks, and political institutions. Special attention is given to the theoretical foundations of local self-governance, particularly the principles of subsidiarity and the distribution of authority between central and regional levels of government. The study finds that while centralized models were characteristic of the early formation of the modern state, they have increasingly given way to decentralized approaches. These emerging models more effectively respond to the challenges of contemporary political governance, the practical needs of local communities, and the broader principles of democratization. The article highlights that decentralization enhances governance efficiency, strengthens governmental accountability, promotes greater civic participation in decision-making processes, and contributes to the development of political culture at the local level. The authors conclude that successful decentralization is achievable only under conditions of political stability, clearly defined legal and institutional frameworks, and the active engagement of citizens in local governance. These factors are essential to ensuring both the sustainability and legitimacy of decentralized governance structures in transitional and democratic societies.