Ethics of publications

Journal complies with the requirements established by the International Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which can be found on the COPE website.

Principles of ethics of the editor and publisher

When making a decision on publication, the editorial board is guided by the reliability of the submitted data and the scientific significance of the considered work.

The intellectual content of the manuscripts is assessed regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, origin, citizenship, social status or political views of the authors.

Unpublished data obtained from submitted manuscripts are not used for personal purposes and are not passed on to third parties without the written consent of the author. Information from submitted manuscripts remains confidential and is not used for personal gain.

The editors do not publish the manuscript if there is reason to believe that it is plagiarism.

The editors do not leave unanswered claims concerning the considered manuscripts or published materials, and in the event of a conflict take all necessary measures to restore the violated rights.

Principles of reviewer ethics

The manuscript received for review is considered a confidential document that cannot be passed on for review or discussion to third parties who do not have the authority to do so.

The reviewer gives an objective and reasoned assessment of the results of the study. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable.

Unpublished data obtained from submitted manuscripts are not used by the reviewer for personal purposes.

A reviewer who, in his opinion, does not have sufficient qualifications to evaluate the manuscript, or if it cannot be objective, in particular in the event of a conflict of interest with the author or organization, must notify the editors with a request to exclude it from the review process.

Principles of ethics of the author of a scientific publication

The author (authors) of the article must provide reliable results of the research. Deliberate representation of false or falsified data is unacceptable.

The author must ensure that the results of the study presented in the submitted manuscript are completely original. Borrowed data must be made with the obligatory indication of the author and the original source. Plagiarism in any form is unethical and unacceptable. The article should provide references to the work that was relevant to the study.

Authors should not submit a manuscript that has previously been submitted to another publication and is currently under review, as well as an article already published in another publication.

The co-authors of the article should indicate all persons who have made a significant contribution to the study.

If the author finds errors or inaccuracies in the article at the stage of its consideration or after its publication, he must notify the editors as soon as possible.

Procedure for reviewing complaints and reports of violations of academic integrity and publication ethics

1. Submitting a complaint/report

Complaints or reports may come from authors, reviewers, readers, members of the editorial board or other interested parties. Reports are accepted in writing (to the official editorial office email address listed on the journal website).

2. Initial review

The editor-in-chief (or an authorized member of the editorial board) conducts a preliminary check of the reliability and validity of the complaint. If the complaint is found to be unfounded, the applicant is informed of the results of the check.

3. Investigation

If the complaint is substantiated, the editorial office will initiate an internal investigation. The process may involve independent experts or members of the editorial board who have no conflict of interest. If necessary, the editorial office will contact the author(s), reviewers, or the institution where the research was conducted.

4. Decision making

After the review is completed, the editorial board makes a decision on further actions, including:

- rejection of the complaint as unfounded;

- making corrections to the article (corrigendum/erratum);

- publication of a statement about the identified violation (expression of concern);

- withdrawal of the article (retraction);

- temporary or permanent suspension of the author/reviewer from cooperation with the journal.

5. Informing the parties

The applicant and the authors involved will receive official notification of the results of the review. All actions are carried out in compliance with the principles of confidentiality and objectivity.

6. Publicity and transparency

In case of a confirmed violation, the editorial board is obliged to publish information about it in the relevant issue of the journal and/or on the official website. All actions are carried out in accordance with the COPE principles, ensuring fairness and transparency.

Policy on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in scientific publications

Authors are solely responsible for the content of the article. The editorial board emphasizes the need to adhere to the principles of academic integrity, transparency and responsibility when using AI tools.

The use of AI for language editing, idea generation or data visualization is allowed, if this is clearly stated in the article.

Authors are required to indicate in the manuscript which AI tools were used and for what purpose.

It is prohibited to use AI to create falsified data, fictional sources or manipulative results.

Hidden or dishonest use of AI is grounds for rejection or withdrawal of the article in accordance with the COPE principles.

Conflict of Interest Policy

In order to ensure objectivity and transparency in the process of reviewing and publishing articles, it is important to avoid any conflicts of interest.

A conflict of interest arises when the personal, professional or financial interests of an author, reviewer or member of the editorial board may affect the objectivity, independence or impartiality of decisions made in the process of publishing articles. These may include:

- financial interests (for example, receiving fees, grants or other material benefits);

- professional or academic connections that may influence the assessment of the work;

- personal relationships that may interfere with objective assessment.

Authors, reviewers and members of the editorial board are obliged to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may arise during the review and publication of articles. This includes disclosure of financial ties, sponsorships, and any other relationships that may be perceived as influencing the objectivity of the evaluation of articles.

Authors must indicate the presence of any financial or professional ties that may be perceived as a conflict of interest.

Reviewers must inform the editorial office of potential conflicts of interest before agreeing to review an article.

Editors must ensure the independence of the publication process and avoid involvement in reviewing or making decisions about articles if there is a potential conflict of interest.

The editorial office of the journal ensures that all disclosed conflicts of interest are properly assessed and taken into account in the process of reviewing and publishing articles. In case of violations of ethical standards or improper disclosure of conflicts of interest, the editorial office reserves the right to take appropriate measures, including refusal to publish the article.

Procedure for retracting published articles

The editorial board of the journal “Newsletter of Precarpathian University. Politology” adheres to the ethical principles of publishing activities and ensures an appropriate response to cases of academic dishonesty. In case of detection of significant violations, the editorial board may retract an already published article.

An article may be retracted in case of plagiarism, fabrication or falsification of data, double publication, serious methodological or ethical violations.

The editorial board, authors or third parties (reviewers, institutions, etc.) may initiate a retraction.

The editorial board conducts an investigation and provides the authors with the opportunity to provide an explanation. If the violation is confirmed, an official notice of retraction is published. The notice contains the reasons for the retraction and is published in the journal and on the website in compliance with the principles of transparency and ethics (in accordance with COPE). In databases (e.g. Crossref, DOAJ) the article is marked as "Retracted", but its text remains available with a corresponding note on each page.

Authors have the right to submit an explanation or appeal, which will be considered by the editorial board.