FORMATION OF THE BALTIC-BLACK SEA DEFENSE UNION: STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

The article examines the security challenges and prospects for military-political cooperation among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of growing threats on NATO’s and the European Union’s eastern flank. It analyzes the geopolitical factors influencing regional stability, including the consequences of Russian aggression, the transformation of the international security architecture, and shifts in the foreign policy priorities of leading global powers. Special attention is given to historical concepts of regional integration initiatives, including the idea of the Baltic-Black Sea Alliance, as well as contemporary defense cooperation formats such as the Lublin Triangle, the Quadriga, and other mechanisms of collaboration. The study explores Ukraine’s role as a key element of regional security and its potential in shaping new defense alliances. It highlights the importance of developing the military-industrial complex, coordinating defense strategies, and advancing diplomatic initiatives to establish an effective system of collective security. The article also considers the prospects for expanding defense partnerships involving the Baltic states, Poland, Romania, Finland, and other countries, as well as the potential impact of geopolitical transformations on the resilience of a future military alliance. The article proposes strategic approaches to forming a regional defense alliance, emphasizing the need for adaptation to emerging challenges such as hybrid threats, cyber warfare, and energy security. The study is based on an analysis of current trends in international politics, military cooperation, and potential scenarios for the development of Europe’s security landscape.