LANGUAGE MEANS OF EXPRESSIVENESS IN FEDІR POTUSHNIAK’S LYRICS

Abstract

In the article, based on the poetic texts of the collection "Sontsedzvin" by the Transcarpathian-Ukrainian writer of the first half of the 20th century, Fedir Potushniak, who introduced Transcarpathian writing into the all-Ukrainian context with his work, certain aspects of poetics that highlight the individual style of the artist are analyzed, namely, the peculiarities of linguistic means of expressiveness. In particular, their linguistic aspect and functional load in the artistic text are characterized. The analysis of Fedir Potushniak’s poetic texts showed that tropes, in particular metaphors, epithets, and similes, are the main linguistic means of expressiveness dominant in his speech. They form the secondary semantics of the artistic picture of the text, and also serve as a basis for the formation of new additional meanings that are not characteristic of language units outside the artistic text, which thereby reflects the individual author’s manner and the originality of the writer's worldview. It has been found that a powerful means of secondary nomination, as one of the linguistic means of expressiveness, is a metaphor, which Fedir Potushniak uses to express the language of poetic texts, to give them a unique color, and also with the help of a vivid image to convey the dynamics of the lyrical hero's soul at the moment of perception of real and the transcendental world. It has been observed that epithets and similes occupy a special place in the artistic works of F. Potushniak as one of the important linguistic means of expressiveness, which have a powerful stylistic potential. It is noted that the author actively uses epithets-adjectives and epithets-adverbs, which, due to their semantic double-edgedness, stimulate the reader's thinking activity and have both a positive emotional and evaluative and a negative color. It is also emphasized that precisely for the purpose of revealing the symbolism of the artistic text and enhancing its aesthetics, F. Potushniak uses such a linguistic means of expressiveness as a simile, which is able to express the artistic speech of the writer through a combination of opposites. It has been proven that expressiveness through the use of such means of linguistic expressiveness as tropes has the property of conveying meaning with increased intensity, thanks to the use of lexical and syntactic means (figurative general language metaphors, in particular simple verbal and simple noun metaphors), descriptive and descriptive epithets, figurative and explanatory comparisons). A series of empirical material is given to illustrate the presented material.